This paper examines the effect of economic policy on air quality using US quarterly data from 1973 to 2013. In particular, we analyze the short-run as well as the long-run interactions between fiscal and monetary policy with CO2 emissions, employing time series techniques of co-integration, Granger multivariate causality and vector error-correction modeling. To take into account possible variations of the effect of economic policy according to the sources of pollution, we distinguish between industrial and residential inflicted CO2 emissions.