This paper adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure technical efficiency (TE), technical efficiency change (TEC) and technical change (TC) scores across four sub-groups of EU-27 countries for the period 1995-2019. Then metafrontier frameworks are used to evaluate technological gap ratio (TGR) and also catch-up effect achieved by each Group of EU-27 countries. In the last step we conduct a bootstrap second stage regression analysis by highlighting the influence of different variables on both efficiency scores and TGR values.
